Journal: iScience

Article Title: The lactate receptor HCAR1: A key modulator of epileptic seizure activity

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109679

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: A polyimide 30 channels EEG electrode array (H32, Neuronexus, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) was placed on the surface of the skull.

Techniques: Recombinant, Software

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Chronic alteration of Ca 2+ and hemodynamic signals induced by intracortical microstimulation in the visual cortex of awake mice

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.23.679242

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Timeline of chronic recordings. ( B ) Imaging and stimulation setups. Widefield and two-photon imaging was performed on the implanted hemisphere, and visual stimulation was applied to the contralateral eye. ( C ) Example widefield images of neural (Ca 2+ dF/F 0 ) and OEF hemodynamic responses induced by 25-Hz ICMS. Scale bar = 500 µm. ( D and E ) Time course (left) and distance profile (right; measured at 5 [red] and 20 [blue] seconds after stimulation onset) of induced neural (D) and hemodynamic (E) responses. Mean ± SD across four trials. Shaded bar indicates stimulation period (0-10 s); vertical dashed lines mark the time points of distance profiles.

Article Snippet: Custom stimulation microelectrodes (Q1×4-3mm-50-703-CM16LP, NeuroNexus Technologies, single 3-mm-long shank, 30-μm-diameter four channels, 50-μm site spacing, electrochemically activated iridium/iridium oxide sites ) were implanted at an angle of 20-30 degrees slanted towards the posterior region.

Techniques: Imaging

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Chronic alteration of Ca 2+ and hemodynamic signals induced by intracortical microstimulation in the visual cortex of awake mice

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.23.679242

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Coefficient of variation (CV, pixel-wise standard deviation normalized by mean over time) of widefield Ca 2+ (i) and hemodynamics (ii) during pre-stimulation periods at day 0 (top) and day 14 (bottom). ( B ) CV (top) and silencing index relative to 350 µm (SI 350 = [CV d -CV 350 ]/CV 350 , where d = 50, 150, 250, 350, or 450 μm) during pre-stimulation periods (bottom) across distances and imaging days. ( C ) CV map during visual stimulation. ( D ) CV and SI 350 during visual stimulation. * in SI 350 plots indicate significant differences from 0 (one-sample t-test with Bonferroni correction, p < 0.05; colors correspond to days after implantation).

Article Snippet: Custom stimulation microelectrodes (Q1×4-3mm-50-703-CM16LP, NeuroNexus Technologies, single 3-mm-long shank, 30-μm-diameter four channels, 50-μm site spacing, electrochemically activated iridium/iridium oxide sites ) were implanted at an angle of 20-30 degrees slanted towards the posterior region.

Techniques: Standard Deviation, Imaging

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Chronic alteration of Ca 2+ and hemodynamic signals induced by intracortical microstimulation in the visual cortex of awake mice

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.23.679242

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A-C ) Example colormaps from a single mouse showing Ca 2+ responses during ( A ) 25-Hz ICMS, ( B ) 250-Hz ICMS, and ( C ) visual stimulation at (i and ii) day 0 and (iii and iv) day 21. Only increases from pre-stimulation baseline are shown in red. Corresponding time courses within 500 µm from the stimulation site are shown in (v) (mean ± SD across 4 trials). ( D-F ) Chronic comparisons of Ca 2+ activation magnitude (D), spatial spread (E), and duration (F) across days post-insertion. Mean ± SEM across mice. * next to line plot indicates a significant effect of day (LME model).

Article Snippet: Custom stimulation microelectrodes (Q1×4-3mm-50-703-CM16LP, NeuroNexus Technologies, single 3-mm-long shank, 30-μm-diameter four channels, 50-μm site spacing, electrochemically activated iridium/iridium oxide sites ) were implanted at an angle of 20-30 degrees slanted towards the posterior region.

Techniques: Activation Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Chronic alteration of Ca 2+ and hemodynamic signals induced by intracortical microstimulation in the visual cortex of awake mice

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.23.679242

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Example Ca 2+ response images at days 0 and 7 under (i) 25-Hz ICMS, (ii) 250-Hz ICMS, and (iii) visual stimulation. Corresponding time courses are shown in (iv; mean ± SEM across cells for soma, mean ± SEM across repeats for neuropil; scale bars = 5 s and 5%). ( B and C ) Chronic comparisons of somatic activation magnitudes (B) and durations (C). ( D and E ) Somatic depression magnitude (D) and duration (E) across days. ( F and G ) Neuropil activation magnitude (F) and duration (G) across days. ( H and I ) Neuropil depression magnitude (H) and duration (I) across days. Mean ± SEM across cells (B-E) or mice (F-I); “<“ and “>“ indicate significant differences compared with days 0 and 84, respectively (LME model followed by Welch’s t-test with Holm-Bonferroni correction).

Article Snippet: Custom stimulation microelectrodes (Q1×4-3mm-50-703-CM16LP, NeuroNexus Technologies, single 3-mm-long shank, 30-μm-diameter four channels, 50-μm site spacing, electrochemically activated iridium/iridium oxide sites ) were implanted at an angle of 20-30 degrees slanted towards the posterior region.

Techniques: Activation Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Chronic alteration of Ca 2+ and hemodynamic signals induced by intracortical microstimulation in the visual cortex of awake mice

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.23.679242

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A-C ) Example colormaps of a single mouse showing Ca 2+ responses after ( A ) 25-Hz ICMS, ( B ) 250-Hz ICMS, and ( C ) visual stimulation at (i and ii) day 0 and (iii and iv) day 21. Only decreases from pre-stimulation baseline are shown in blue; darker blue indicates stronger depression. Corresponding time courses within 500 µm from the stimulation site are shown in (v) (mean ± SD across 4 trials). Traces during the stimulation period (0-10 s) are omitted for clarity. ( D-F ) Chronic comparisons of Ca 2+ depression magnitude (D), spatial spread (E), and duration (F) across days post-insertion. Mean ± SEM across mice.

Article Snippet: Custom stimulation microelectrodes (Q1×4-3mm-50-703-CM16LP, NeuroNexus Technologies, single 3-mm-long shank, 30-μm-diameter four channels, 50-μm site spacing, electrochemically activated iridium/iridium oxide sites ) were implanted at an angle of 20-30 degrees slanted towards the posterior region.

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Chronic alteration of Ca 2+ and hemodynamic signals induced by intracortical microstimulation in the visual cortex of awake mice

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.23.679242

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A-C ) Example OEF response colormaps from a single mouse during and after ( A ) 25-Hz ICMS, ( B ) 250-Hz ICMS, and ( C ) visual stimulation at (i and ii) day 0 and (iii and iv) day 21. Corresponding time courses within 500 µm of the stimulation site are shown in (v; mean ± SD across 4 trials). OEF represents deoxyhemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin (see 2.4.4), where decreases from baseline (0.25) indicate relative increases in oxyhemoglobin, reflecting enhanced metabolic supply. ( D-F ) Chronic comparisons of OEF magnitude (D), spatial spread (E), and duration (F) across days post-implantation. Mean ± SEM across mice. * next to line plot indicates a significant effect of day (LME model).

Article Snippet: Custom stimulation microelectrodes (Q1×4-3mm-50-703-CM16LP, NeuroNexus Technologies, single 3-mm-long shank, 30-μm-diameter four channels, 50-μm site spacing, electrochemically activated iridium/iridium oxide sites ) were implanted at an angle of 20-30 degrees slanted towards the posterior region.

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Chronic alteration of Ca 2+ and hemodynamic signals induced by intracortical microstimulation in the visual cortex of awake mice

doi: 10.1101/2025.10.23.679242

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Example epileptiform Ca 2+ activity induced by 25-Hz ICMS, showing extremely strong activation spreading across the entire visual cortex and persisting >10 s after stimulation offset (i-v, maps; vi, time courses at each distance). ( B ) Overview of Ca 2+ activity induced by 25-Hz ICMS (i), 250-Hz ICMS (ii), and visual stimulation (iii). Each line represents one mouse. ( C ) Distributions of magnitude, duration, and spatial spread of Ca 2+ activation. Colors indicate clusters identified using agglomerative clustering (see Methods). Epileptiform activity was defined from the green cluster with magnitude >100%, duration >20 s, and distance >800 µm. ( D ) Number of mice exhibiting epileptiform activity at least once across all days, conditions, and repeats (Epi) versus not (Norm). ( E ) Probability of epileptiform activity across stimulation conditions for all days, mice, and repeats. ( F ) Probability of epileptiform activity over days for all ICMS and visual stimulation conditions. Mean ± SEM across animals.

Article Snippet: Custom stimulation microelectrodes (Q1×4-3mm-50-703-CM16LP, NeuroNexus Technologies, single 3-mm-long shank, 30-μm-diameter four channels, 50-μm site spacing, electrochemically activated iridium/iridium oxide sites ) were implanted at an angle of 20-30 degrees slanted towards the posterior region.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Activation Assay

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Large Visual Stimuli Induce Two Distinct Gamma Oscillations in Primate Visual Cortex

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2270-17.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Slow and fast gamma oscillations in human EEG. A , Change in time–frequency power spectrum from baseline (−0.5–0 s) for an example subject (S1). Power is averaged across three bipolar pairs in the left occipital and parietal area, shown as black dots (encircled and pointed by an arrow) in B . B , Scalp maps for slow and fast gamma ranges for stimulus orientation of 45° (highlighted with a black box in A ). Similar time–frequency difference spectra and scalp maps for the rest of the subjects is shown in . C , Change in power from baseline for nine orientations for S1. D , E , Preferred orientations ( D ) and orientation selectivity ( E ) for slow and fast gamma rhythms for 12 human subjects, monkey EEG (2 sites per monkey) and monkey LFP (65 and 34 sites). Different symbols in D and E indicate statistical significance for orientation selectivity (calculated from original data) compared against randomly permuted data (see “Statistical analysis” section in Materials and Methods for details) for slow and fast gamma (as indicated above D ). Significance level (α) is Bonferroni corrected (from 0.05) for number of human subjects or electrodes (for monkeys). shows results for orientation tuning after data containing microsaccades are discarded from analysis.

Article Snippet: We recorded monkey LFP in area V1 using chronic arrays (96 microelectrodes, Utah array, Blackrock Microsystems) from two monkeys and human EEG (64 active electrodes, BrainAmp DC, Brain Products) from 15 healthy young adults while presenting full-screen sinusoidal grating stimuli.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Large Visual Stimuli Induce Two Distinct Gamma Oscillations in Primate Visual Cortex

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2270-17.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tuning for contrast and spatial frequency. A , Mean change in power for two gamma bands as a function of stimulus contrast for 65 and 36 sites for the two monkeys (top row) calculated at stimulus orientations that induced largest power change in fast gamma (90° for both monkeys) and slow gamma (0° and 45°). B , Same as A but for two EEG electrodes for each of the two monkeys. C , Mean change in power for 12 human subjects computed for a stimulus orientation that induced robust gamma in both bands (shown in a thick black box in A and . D – F , Mean peak gamma frequency in slow and fast bands. Same format as in A – C . G – I , Spatial frequency tuning for 65 and 34 sites in the two monkeys ( G ), two EEG electrodes each for the two monkeys ( H ), and 12 human subjects ( I ). shows change in power spectra for contrast and spatial frequency tuning experiments.

Article Snippet: We recorded monkey LFP in area V1 using chronic arrays (96 microelectrodes, Utah array, Blackrock Microsystems) from two monkeys and human EEG (64 active electrodes, BrainAmp DC, Brain Products) from 15 healthy young adults while presenting full-screen sinusoidal grating stimuli.

Techniques:

Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Large Visual Stimuli Induce Two Distinct Gamma Oscillations in Primate Visual Cortex

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2270-17.2017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Field–field and spike–field coherence. A , LFP–LFP phase coherence spectra for different interelectrode distances for Monkeys 1 (top row) and 2 (bottom row). Interelectrode distance ranges (d, in μm) are shown in B . The number of pairs ( N ) for each group is indicated on the top right corner. LFP–LFP phase coherence when both are taken from the same electrode (i.e., interelectrode distance of zero) is trivially 1 at all frequencies and is therefore omitted. Mean LFP–EEG phase coherence is shown in black. B , Average LFP–LFP phase coherence at the peak slow (32 and 36 Hz for the two monkeys) and fast gamma bands (62 and 56 Hz) as a function of interelectrode distance. C , Mean spike–LFP coherence for spike–LFP pairs separated by different interelectrode distances. Mean spike-EEG coherence is shown in black.

Article Snippet: We recorded monkey LFP in area V1 using chronic arrays (96 microelectrodes, Utah array, Blackrock Microsystems) from two monkeys and human EEG (64 active electrodes, BrainAmp DC, Brain Products) from 15 healthy young adults while presenting full-screen sinusoidal grating stimuli.

Techniques: